PRESENT TENSE OF BULGARIAN VERBS – II CONJUGATION – ÑÅÃÀØÍÎ ÂÐÅÌÅ ÍÀ ÃËÀÃÎËÈÒÅ ÎÒ ÂÒÎÐÎ ÑÏÐÅÆÅÍÈÅ
The main form of a verb in English is called the infinitive and includes the word "to" - to be, to go, to do etc.
In Bulgarian the verbs don’t have an infinitive form. The main form of the Bulgarian verb is the form for first person singular. This is the form to be found in the dictionary.
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1. Usually Bulgarian verbs, ending in consonant + ÿ are in II conjugation. |
Examples: âúðâÿ (to walk), ãîâîðÿ (to talk), ïðàâÿ (to do), õîäÿ (to go, to walk), ðàáîòÿ (to work), ìèñëÿ (to think) etc.
Exceptions: äðåìÿ, êàïÿ, êúïÿ, õàïÿ, ùèïÿ are in I conjugation.
To conjugate the verb it is necessary to remove the ending
-ÿ and add the following endings for the different persons:|
singular |
plural |
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1. –ÿ |
1. -èì |
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2. –èø |
2. -èòå |
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3. –è |
3. –ÿò |
Example:
ãîâîðÿ – ÿ = ãîâîð + endings…|
1. àç ãîâîðÿ |
1. íèå ãîâîð èì |
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2. òè ãîâîð èø |
2. âèå ãîâîð èòå |
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3. òîé ãîâîð è |
3. òe ãîâîð ÿò |
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òÿ ãîâîð è |
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òî ãîâîð è |
These are the
affirmative forms!In English the negative form of a verb is formed using the auxiliary verb to do.
I know.
I don't know.
In Bulgarian, to get the
negative form it is necessary simply to put the negative particle íå between the subject pronoun (or the noun) and the verb.|
1. àç íå ãîâîðÿ |
1. íèå íå ãîâîð èì |
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2. òè íå ãîâîð èø |
2. âèå íå ãîâîð èòå |
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3. òîé íå ãîâîð è |
3. òe íå ãîâîð ÿò |
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òÿ íå ãîâîð è |
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òî íå ãîâîð è |
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Ìàðèÿ ãîâîðè èñïàíñêè. |
Maria speaks Spanish. |
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Ìàðèÿ íå ãîâîðè êèòàéñêè. |
Maria doesn't speak Chinese. |
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| 2. Usually verbs ending in -æà, -÷à or -øà are II conjugation. |
There are several exceptions: ìàæà, ðåæà, ñòðèæà, äúâ÷à, ïëà÷à, áúðøà, ðåøà which are in I conjugation.
Examples: ñëóæà (to serve), ó÷à (to study), ïóøà (to smoke)
To conjugate a verb it is necessary to remove the ending
-a and add the II conjugation endings for the different persons.|
singular |
plural |
|
1. –à |
1. -èì |
|
2. –èø |
2. -èòå |
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3. –è |
3. –àò |
Example:
ó÷à – à = ó÷ + endings…|
1. àç ó÷à |
1. íèå ó÷ èì |
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2. òè ó÷ èø |
2. âèå ó÷ èòå |
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3. òîé ó÷ è |
3. òå ó÷ àò |
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òÿ ó÷ è |
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òî ó÷ è |
As you can see, the endings are the same, excluding the 1st person singular –a or –ÿ, and the 3rd person plural – respectively –àò, -ÿò
These are the
affirmative forms!To get the
negative form it is necessary to put the negative particle íå between the subject pronoun (or the noun) and the verb.|
1.àç íå ó÷à |
1.íèå íå ó÷ èì |
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2.òè íå ó÷ èø |
2.âèå íå ó÷ èòå |
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3.òîé íå ó÷ è |
3.òå íå ó÷ àò |
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òÿ íå ó÷ è |
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òî íå ó÷ è |
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Ïîâå÷åòî ñòóäåíòè ó÷àò çà èçïèò. |
Most students study for exams. |
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Íÿêîè ñòóäåíòè íå ó÷àò çà èçïèò. |
Some student don't study for exams. |
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To summarize:
The Bulgarian verbs don't have an infinitive form. The form to be found in the dictionary is the form for the first person singular.
The verbs ending (in 1st person singular) in -a or -ÿ are either in Ist or in IInd conjugation.
Here's a comparative table of the endings for the Ist and the IInd conjugation:
| Ist conjugation | IInd conjugation | ||
| 1st sing. | àç | -à, -ÿ | -à, -ÿ |
| 2nd sing. | òè | -åø | -èø |
| 3rd sing. | òîé, òÿ, òî | -å | -è |
| 1st pl. | íèå | -åì | -èì |
| 2nd pl. | âèå | -åòå | -èòå |
| 3rd pl. | òå | -àò, -ÿò | -àò, -ÿò |